Disease-modifying
Therapy

Background: Early intervention with high efficacy therapies has been shown to reduce long-term disability accrual in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). This study assesses early...

INTRODUCTION Ofatumumab, a fully-human anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, is indicated for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (RMS). However, the potential impact of ofatumumab...

Background: In March 2020, the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States introduced new concerns related to the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS)....

Background: Ozanimod, an oral sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator selectively targeting S1P1 and S1P5, is approved in the US for the treatment of relapsing multiple...

Background: Ozanimod is approved in the US for the treatment of adults with relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) and in the EU and Canada for the...

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has become a significant concern for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and their healthcare providers, prompting various guidelines on the appropriate...

Background: Disease modifying therapies (DMTs) have transformed the management of multiple sclerosis (MS). Patients can now live many years without experiencing the debilitating effects of...

Background: CLASSIC-MS (NCT03961204) explores the long-term efficacy and durability of effect of cladribine tablets (CladT; cumulative dose 3.5 mg/kg over 2 years) beyond the 2...

Background: Limited data on baseline (BL) characteristics and disease severity exist for Black/African American (AA) patients with multiple sclerosis. Preliminary research suggests that AA patients...

Background: Ofatumumab is a fully human anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody approved by the FDA for treatment of adults with relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS). The RMS disease...

Background: Some authors have reported positive associations between B-cell-depleting (anti-CD20) therapies and COVID-19 infection risk or severity, but all with numerator data (COVID-19 cases only)....

Background: In the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 PREVENT trial (NCT01892345), eculizumab was well tolerated and significantly reduced relapse risk vs placebo in patients with...

Background: Ocrelizumab (OCR) is a humanized anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody approved for treatment of relapsing remitting (RRMS) and primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS). In the OPERA...

Background: Siponimod showed beneficial effects on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesion activity, total brain and gray matter (GM) atrophy, MTR measures and cognitive processing speed...

Background: Ocrelizumab (OCR), a humanized, anti-CD20 antibody therapy approved for multiple sclerosis (MS), is given at 6-month intervals. Some patients on OCR report worsening of...

Background: In the Phase 3 EXPAND core study, siponimod compared with placebo significantly reduced disability progression, cognitive decline, MRI measures of focal inflammation, and global...

Background: The number of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) within the S1P receptor modulator and fumarate classes has expanded with recent approvals of siponimod (BAF) and diroximel...

Background: Aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4+ NMOSD) and acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive generalized myasthenia gravis (AChR+ gMG) are neurological disorders with complement involvement....

Background: In the Phase 3 EXPAND trial siponimod, a selective S1P receptor modulator, significantly reduced risk of 3-month and 6-month confirmed disability progression (CDP) by...

Background: In a 48-week Phase II study NCT02975349, in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis, evobrutinib was generally well-tolerated. Objectives: We report long-term safety data from...

Background: MOGAD is an emerging inflammatory demyelination disorder of the central nervous system. AZA is one of the commonly used immunotherapies in MOGAD. Previous observational...

Background: Financial barriers to disease modifying therapies (DMT) for multiple sclerosis (MS) have been widely reported; yet the impact of insurance restrictions on DMT choice...

Background: There is limited literature about the frequency of alopecia in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) treated with disease modifying therapies (DMTs) aside from teriflunomide...

Background: Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) demonstrated strong efficacy and a favorable benefit–risk profile in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) in clinical studies. ESTEEM (NCT02047097), is...

Background: Natalizumab, an efficacious treatment for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis, has an approved dosing of 300 mg infused intravenously over 1 h every 4...

Background: MS patients treated with monoclonal antibodies have an increased risk of infections. Natalizumab (NTZ) is a monoclonal antibody indicated in highly active Relapsing-Remitting MS....

Background: Although socioeconomic disparities that lead to differences in multiple sclerosis (MS) outcomes have been identified, specific factors contributing to such discrepancies are not well...

Background: In patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), adherence and persistence to disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) are important to maintain treatment efficacy. Factors such as dosing schedule...

Background: Superior efficacy and safety of ofatumumab were demonstrated in Phase III ASCLEPIOS trials. Objectives: The social media listening (SML) was aimed to understand the...

Background: B-cell depletion in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) using anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) reduces annualized relapse rates and inflammatory lesion activity on MRI,...

Background: Several integrated analyses have reported on the safety of cladribine tablets 10 mg (3.5 mg/kg cumulative dose over 2 years CladT3.5) during clinical development...

Background: Diroximel fumarate (DRF) is an oral fumarate approved in the United States (US) for relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS). DRF demonstrated favorable gastrointestinal (GI) tolerability...

Background: Ofatumumab is a subcutaneously administered B cell depleting agent approved by the FDA for use in patients with relapsing forms of MS. During the...

Background: Emerging data from people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) suggest that some disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) may impact the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Objectives:...

Background: In PREVENT, eculizumab was associated with a significant reduction in relapse risk versus placebo and was well tolerated. In total, 46 patients (26/96 in...

Background: Siponimod is a selective S1P receptor (S1P1 and S1P5) modulator, approved in the USA for treatment of relapsing forms of MS, including clinically isolated...

Background: The efficacy and safety of ofatumumab were demonstrated in Phase III ASCLEPIOS trials. This analysis provides the first account of real-world patients initiating ofatumumab...

Background: Disease modifying therapies (DMTs) for relapsing MS are most effective when patients adhere to them as prescribed. Published studies using real-world data show that...

Background: Psoriasis may be more common in people living with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) than in the general population. Some pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of...

Background: Siponimod, a potent and selective sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P1,5) receptor modulator, is the first oral disease-modifying therapy to reduce disability progression, cognitive decline, and total...

Background: Subcutaneous interferon ?-1a (sc IFN ?-1a) is a well-established disease-modifying therapy for relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS), with an estimated cumulative exposure of 1,809,458 patient-years...

Background: The majority of real-world data (RWD) on disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) for multiple sclerosis (MS) is based on clinical outcomes. Performing studies using real-world systematic...

Background: Patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) often experience disease activity despite receiving a disease-modifying therapy (DMT). The Phase IIIb CASTING study (NCT02861014) evaluated the...

Background: In the EXPAND Core study, siponimod significantly reduced the risk of 3-/6-months(m) confirmed disability progression (3m/6mCDP) and 6m confirmed ?4-points clinically meaningful worsening on...

Background: Over the past two and a half decades, there has been an exponential increase in FDA approvals of treatments for relapsing forms of multiple...

Background: Alemtuzumab (ALE) and ocrelizumab (OCR) are widely recognized as among the highest efficacy multiple sclerosis (MS) disease modifying therapies (DMTs). While prior reports have...

Background: Ozanimod reduced whole brain volume (WBV), cortical grey matter volume (CGMV), and thalamic volume (TV) loss vs interferon beta-1a (IFN) in phase 3 SUNBEAM...

Background: Expenditures for intravenous (IV) disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for multiple sclerosis (MS) include costs beyond wholesale acquisition price such as administration, nursing services, facility fees,...

Background: A global pandemic of COVID-19 has resulted in over 78 million cases as of 23 December 2020. Risks of COVID-19 in people with multiple...

Background: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) relapses can cause significant and irreversible neurologic disability. In PREVENT, eculizumab reduced the risk of relapse in patients with...

Background: Long-term use of B-cell depleting monoclonal antibodies is associated with reduced immunoglobulin (Ig) levels that can predispose to infection. The randomized, placebo-controlled N-MOmentum trial...

Background: The efficacy and safety of cladribine tablets 3.5 mg/kg (cumulative dose over 2 years) have been shown in patients with relapsing forms of multiple...

Background: Ocrelizumab (OCR) is a humanized, monoclonal antibody targeting CD20+ B cells and is approved for treatment of relapsing remitting (RRMS) and primary progressive MS...

Background: Ocrelizumab (OCR) is a B-Cell depleting humanized monoclonal antibody FDA-approved for treatment of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS)....

Background: Ocrelizumab (OCR) is a humanized anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of relapsing remitting (RRMS) and primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS). During the...

Background: Depletion of B lymphocytes is a known therapeutic strategy for multiple sclerosis (MS) and related disorders. Ocrelizumab (OCR) is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody...

Background: The action of cladribine tablets (CladT) on immune cells may be key for both onset and durability of its effect in people with multiple...

Background: Evidence is needed that adherence to disease-modifying therapies (DMT) for multiple sclerosis (MS) can reduce total medical costs or hospitalization events, by use of...

Background: Siponimod was approved in the United States (US) in March 2019 for patients with relapsing forms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The efficacy and safety...

Background: The treatment landscape for multiple sclerosis (MS) continues to evolve and many disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) with different routes of administration (RoA), mechanisms of action,...

Background: Switching of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) is driven by many factors that are not well understood. Objectives: To evaluate...

Background: Women with multiple sclerosis (MS) who become pregnant and utilize maternity services may find their use of disease-modifying therapies (DMT) impacted for a number...

Background: In relapsing forms of Multiple Sclerosis, disability progression has been shown to be independent of relapses. A new concept in MS research has emerged,...

Background: In 2018, the MS world received its first true generic DMT, and more generics will become available over the next few years. Studies in...

Background: NEDA or No evidence of disease activity (relapses, MRI lesions and disease progression) is increasingly used as a meaningful comprehensive outcome of disease-modifying therapies...

Background: Evobrutinib is a highly selective Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor with dual mode of action, targeting B cells and myeloid cells. Evobrutinib’s clinical efficacy in...

Background: ENSEMBLE (NCT03085810) is a multicenter, open-label, single-arm Phase IIIb study evaluating the effectiveness and safety of ocrelizumab (OCR) in an early-stage, treatment-naive, relapsing-remitting MS...